55 research outputs found

    Percevejo bronzeado: Thaumastocoris peregrinus.

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    Insetos florestais de importância quarentenária para o Brasil: guia para seu reconhecimento.

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    Nos últimos anos, devido ao crescente intercâmbio mundial de mercadorias, a propagação de pragas em espécies florestais aumentou notavelmente, causando muitas perdas ao setor florestal. A introdução, estabelecimento e dispersão de pragas florestais são favorecidos por diversos fatores, como: presença de plantações monoespecíficas com alta densidade de plantas, plantios mal manejados, localizados em áreas inadequadas e presença de plantios clonais. Estas pragas podem ser veiculadas tanto em materiais de propagação (sementes, mudas e estacas), como em madeira. Neste caso, as madeiras utilizadas em embalagens e suporte de mercadorias, bem como aquelas utilizadas na acomodação de cargas (madeira de estiva) em diferentes meios de transporte, constituem uma via eficaz para a dispersão, ingresso e estabelecimento de pragas florestais quarentenárias, as quais podem afetar negativamente a produção e a exportação de produtos florestais. Para garantir a sanidade florestal brasileira e prevenir o ingresso de tais pragas, são necessários a fiscalização e o monitoramento constantes, principalmente nos locais de ingresso de mercadorias. Este manual tem como finalidade, auxiliar no reconhecimento de insetos florestais de importância quarentenária, contribuindo para que a constatação destes agentes seja feita imediatamente, melhorando a eficiência no controle quarentenário de pragas florestais.bitstream/item/29864/1/Insetos-florestais.pd

    Determination of Beta-Defensin Genomic Copy Number in Different Populations: A Comparison of Three Methods

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    There have been conflicting reports in the literature on association of gene copy number with disease, including CCL3L1 and HIV susceptibility, and β-defensins and Crohn's disease. Quantification of precise gene copy numbers is important in order to define any association of gene copy number with disease. At present, real-time quantitative PCR (QPCR) is the most commonly used method to determine gene copy number, however the Paralogue Ratio Test (PRT) is being used in more and more laboratories.In this study we compare a Pyrosequencing-based Paralogue Ratio Test (PPRT) for determining beta-defensin gene copy number with two currently used methods for gene copy number determination, QPCR and triplex PRT by typing five different cohorts (UK, Danish, Portuguese, Ghanaian and Czech) of DNA from a total of 576 healthy individuals. We found a systematic measurement bias between DNA cohorts revealed by QPCR, but not by the PRT-based methods. Using PRT, copy number ranged from 2 to 9 copies, with a modal copy number of 4 in all populations.QPCR is very sensitive to quality of the template DNA, generating systematic biases that could produce false-positive or negative disease associations. Both triplex PRT and PPRT do not show this systematic bias, and type copy number within the correct range, although triplex PRT appears to be a more precise and accurate method to type beta-defensin copy number

    Epithelial antimicrobial peptides in host defense against infection

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    One component of host defense at mucosal surfaces seems to be epithelium-derived antimicrobial peptides. Antimicrobial peptides are classified on the basis of their structure and amino acid motifs. Peptides of the defensin, cathelicidin, and histatin classes are found in humans. In the airways, α-defensins and the cathelicidin LL-37/hCAP-18 originate from neutrophils. β-Defensins and LL-37/hCAP-18 are produced by the respiratory epithelium and the alveolar macrophage and secreted into the airway surface fluid. Beside their direct antimicrobial function, antimicrobial peptides have multiple roles as mediators of inflammation with effects on epithelial and inflammatory cells, influencing such diverse processes as proliferation, immune induction, wound healing, cytokine release, chemotaxis, protease-antiprotease balance, and redox homeostasis. Further, antimicrobial peptides qualify as prototypes of innovative drugs that might be used as antibiotics, anti-lipopolysaccharide drugs, or modifiers of inflammation
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